Resource Model in Java-Tron

Introduction to Resource Model

Voting power, bandwidth, and energy are critical system resources in the TRON network:

• Voting Power (TP): Used to vote for super representatives.
• Bandwidth (Bandwidth Points): Measures transaction size in bytes stored on the blockchain. Larger transactions consume more bandwidth.
• Energy: Measures computational effort required for TVM operations. Smart contract transactions consume energy.

Notes:

• Regular transactions consume only bandwidth.
• Smart contract operations consume both bandwidth and energy.

Voting Power (TP)

Obtaining TP

• Users gain TP by staking TRX (1 TRX = 1 TP).
• Multiple stakes accumulate TP. Check totals via wallet/getaccountresource.

Bandwidth

Calculation Rules

• Consumption: Bandwidth Points = Transaction size × 1 (current rate).

• Sources:

  1. Staked TRX: Share of network’s fixed bandwidth pool (43.2B points).
  2. Free Daily Allowance: 600 points per account.
• Recovery: Spent bandwidth regenerates over 24 hours.

• Balance Check:

  Free Bandwidth = freeNetLimit - freeNetUsed  
  Staked Bandwidth = NetLimit - NetUsed

Special Cases

• New Accounts: Burns 0.1 TRX if bandwidth is insufficient.
• Token Transfers: Prioritizes token issuer’s bandwidth before user’s.

Energy

Key Concepts

• Energy Consumption: Paid per smart contract operation (0.00021 TRX/energy).

• Priority:

  1. Staked energy.
  2. Burned TRX if energy is exhausted.
• Recovery: Regenerates over 24 hours.

• Balance Check:

  Energy Balance = EnergyLimit - EnergyUsed

FeeLimit Guide

• Purpose: Caps energy costs for users.

• Example: If a contract used 18,000 energy historically:

  • Estimate 20,000 energy (10% buffer).

  • With developer covering 90%, user sets:

    feeLimit = 20,000 × 210 sun × 10% = 420,000 sun

Dynamic Energy Model

How It Works

• Adjusts energy costs based on contract popularity.
• Energy Factor: Multiplies base cost if usage exceeds thresholds.

• Thresholds:

  • threshold: 5B energy/6h
  • max_factor: 3.4× multiplier

Formula:

Actual Energy = Base Energy × (1 + energy_factor)

Managing Resources

Staking/Unstaking

• Use freezebalancev2 to stake TRX for resources.
• Unstaked TRX has a 14-day lockup period.

Resource Delegation

• Delegate bandwidth/energy via delegateresource.
• Time-locked delegations require 3-day cooldown.

APIs

FAQ

Q: How is bandwidth calculated for token transfers?
A: Token issuer’s bandwidth is used first, falling back to user’s staked/free bandwidth or TRX burning.

Q: What happens if a contract fails?
A: Reverts deduct only used energy; crashes/timeouts deduct maximum allocated energy.

Q: Can I cancel unstaking?
A: Yes, use cancelallunfreezev2 to revert pending unstakes.

👉 Learn more about Stake 2.0
👉 TRON developer docs